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Having been immersed in the intriguing world of luxury rugs and carpets from a young age, it is no surprise to find Peter Page open his first eponymous studio. Peter's experience and forward-thinking have positioned him as the designers' choice for both advice and beautiful bespoke solutions. We caught up with him amongst his personally curated selection of rugs and samples as he was recovering from a very successful opening...

You recently opened your studio in April at London’s Chelsea Wharf, how did that go?

It’s been great. We had a soft opening and it’s had a lovely response. It’s been a wonderful encouragement and the clients we have spoken to have been really excited that we are back. Jo, my colleague I worked with at Tim Page Carpets, has come with me and we make a great team. We have different strengths and particular skillsets, especially within the sourcing and making process. It’s been a very exciting time.

Your inaugural collection has been designed by Turner Pocock. That’s a great collaboration, how did it come about?

By mistake really! I’ve worked with Bunny on numerous projects, she came in and we were talking about her various projects. We started talking about her home and then veered off onto other topics. So we ended up going through some initial ideas, going through samples, and identifying what they like and what we could create. They like a Moroccan-style rug, with an antique look and feel to it.

Was the aim of this collection to fill an antiques style whilst also working with contemporary living?

The key consideration for us all was having the flexibility of size. The difficulty with buying antique rugs is that you don’t know what size you can get. Often, Turner Pocock like to have a rug big enough to put the furniture on top, and often rugs come in sizes that are too small for that. So we absolutely loved the antique designs, whilst ensuring that we could create options that would fit within the designer's schemes.

Interior clients often have varied aesthetic preferences, do you offer bespoke options with different designs and/or colours?

The idea is that this collection keeps it simple. Of course, with everything we do, we are happy to chop and change. One interior designer client we have would like to change the material from jute into wool as they know their client wants something slightly softer and easier to clean. From a retail perspective, keeping it simple to the collection we have created means that clients can purchase their own Turner Pocock and Peter Page piece. It has been hand-woven and hand-crafted so the pieces are still all individually unique.

Your love for the tradition of weaving has been a life-long passion. (Peter’s father, Tim Page, launched Tim Page Carpets in 2003). Tell me a little about the art of rug making and why it has become such a passion of yours?

It happened by osmosis. As a child, I used to iron labels onto samples for my father’s shop in Sloane Square at that time. You pick up an awful lot by people talking around you. He used to have people who hand-painted the rugs in the office so it was an extraordinary place to be. I went to work in New York and ended up working in carpets, and that’s when I realised that I had picked up this knowledge and interest since childhood. I still, to this day, cannot believe how skilled and clever these people are who craft the rugs, they are following design graphs in front of them. It is a skilled craft and I am in awe of it all.

Where do your team of weavers and rug makers herald from?

We weave in India and a couple of other different areas depending on what we’re making. It depends on the project and lead times. I have found that different places can produce different end products. For example, people wash the yarn differently and clip it to create different textures. I find it all really fascinating. So much goes into each rug, trying to replicate certain colours. When yarn is washed and left in the sun to dry, it changes and brings out its lustre. If there is no sun, it is a different quality of project. This is why India is the perfect location! But if it’s a rainy period, then you have different problems! It’s fascinating how such small things can affect a project. You don’t get the same lustre to the yarn if they are dried in indoor drying rooms.

There is such a connection to the natural world, even in rug weaving. Is this what makes your rugs stand apart?

Yes, it is wonderful to see how little changes to anything – from washing to spinning, to drying, can affect a rug. It is interesting to see how all these small changes make each rug unique. Everything is a one-off piece and there is a charm to this.

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Click here to read more L-Shaped interviews or click here to visit Peter's website.

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There is a wonderful team of people behind the scenes at Lorfords, many of which you don't get to see. What better way to introduce them than with their top picks in our Lorfords Christmas Gift Guide! From thoughtful gifts to extra seating, we're getting you ready for the festivities.

Toby Lorford, Director

Toby's top picks

Scottish Oak Daybed or Psychiatrist's Couch

Gustavian Period Bureau Cabinet

Heidi Hadfield, Accounts

Heidi's Top Picks

Exceptional Wooden Crown

Mid Century Leather Chairs

Robert Evans, Logistics Manager

Rob's Top Picks

Omersa Leather Elephant Foot Stall

19th Century Gilt Convex Mirror with Eagle Crest

 

Carly Watkins, Marketing Manager

Carly's Top Picks

Pair of French Early 19th Century Botanical Engravings

Italian Round Silver Cocktail Tray

Jane Body, Sales

Jane's Top Picks

Collection of Nine British Tree Engravings

English Mahogany Wing Armchair

Hattie Icke, Logistics

Hattie's Top Picks

Early 20th Century Jali Screen 

Large Dutch Still Life Oil on Canvas

 

Alice Hagues, Manager and Stylist

Alice's Top Picks

Set of Five Mid Century Dining Chairs

19th Century Bavarian Painted Cupboard

Piers Ingall, Sales

Piers' Top Picks

Pair of 19th Century 'Bejewelled' Candlebras

Anglo-Indian Centre Table

Tom Valentine, Sales

Tom's Top Picks

Set of Five Danish 'Uncle Harald's' Trains

Large Barley Twist Waterfall Shelves

 

Eleanor Buonaparte, Dealer Liaison and Stock Co-ordinator

Eleanor's Top Picks

Untitled - Daryl Balcombe

French 19th Century Chandelier 

Stephanie Ashby, Photographer

Steph's Top Picks

Original 1950's Route 66 Neon Café Sign

Original 1970's Gucci Light Sign

Sophie Jones, Marketing Assistant

Sophie's Top Picks

19th Century Pheasant Model 

18th Century West Country Windsor Armchair

 

David Jeens, Restorer

Dave's Top Picks

Pair of Bristol Chemist Bottles

Asprey Coromandel Humidor

Cody Roberts, Logistics

Cody's Top Picks

Swedish 20th Century Pine Desk 

French Daume Vase

Jordan Anderson, Logistics

Jordan's Top Picks

Large Mid 20th Century Terracotta Canova Lion

Louis Vuitton Suitcase

 

Chris Butterworth, Logistics

Chris' Top Picks

19th Century French Mirror

Pair of 19th Century Swedish Armchairs

"I'm more comfortable in a space that’s got colour, layers, texture, points of interest – that has an energy to it." We were delighted to chat to British textile designer Molly Mahon earlier this summer about block-printing, why our homes need pattern and colour, and working from her garden studio.

Q: Molly Mahon targets the real home, as opposed to the show home. What did you learn about the role of our homes during the pandemic? 

Ooo. Well, they became absolutely central to our being, didn’t they. They could never have been more important in their moment and I think it elevated our understanding that homes are so key to us as humans. Making our homes into somewhere we really wanted to be became incremental to surviving lockdown. Many of us started to look at our homes in different ways and realise how important it was to do all of those little jobs we never got round to doing. Homes became a point of interest and I think that's a really lovely thing. When we can visit people more, I think we're going to see so many more lovely, welcoming, and functioning homes than ever before.

Q: Block-printing is the earliest known printing method, going back thousands of years... yet it’s still used by you and others today in such a contemporary way. Why do you think it has proved such a resilient medium?

It’s got to be something about the way we as humans connect to creativity and how it feeds the soul, without sounding too deep! We’ve only very recently become industrialised - that is such a modern thing. Before industrialisation, the only way to print pretty cloth or whatever was by hand with wooden blocks. It wasn’t just about making decorative items and there’s so much more to it in block-printing. It delineated certain family lines, certain areas you lived in, certain ideas of your wealth and your place. Block-printing meant so much more in society before, whereas now I suppose it is used more decoratively.

For me, the idea that my children can just have anything they want digitally printed or machine printed, without any of the story or the soul or the real depth of design feels so shallow. I think we’re all seeing it that way. During lockdown, we needed to be able to make things with our hands and we want to be part of the finished product. I think that’s more true of block-printing than anything else.

Q: Your designs feel like a joyful tonic in this often stressful world. Would you describe your personal style as maximalist or not?

Yes I suppose so. For me, it seems like a natural way to surround myself, but many people would label it maximalist. I'm more comfortable in a space that’s got colour, layers, texture, has points of interest – has an energy to it. I don’t feel very comfortable nor at ease in a very simple clean white space. I think it’s also having three children and a dog! You just want to be able to relax and not see those marks and things that happen in everyday life. I love the idea that someone could come and visit me and just feel really at home and be able to sit down in any chair and not feel on edge or uncomfortable. I think pattern and colour really helps to create that feeling.

It's also really important for people to understand that when buying our block-printed fabric they are investing in something that has been made with thought, care, passion, time and integrity. Investing in well-made pieces is a sustainable choice, compared to lots of the 'throw-away' or short-life items that are readily available today.

Q: Sustainability is rightly the watchword in interiors at the moment. What kind of role does it play at Molly Mahon?

Yeah, we’re very thoughtful about that. We ask ourselves questions like, where has our cotton that has been woven into the cloth come from? What are we printing with? We have certainly never used any kind of toxic paints. They’re still printing in India a lot with a petrol-based dye, which is brilliant – very light fast, very rub-fast. But absolutely appalling for anyone who is near it doing the printing, or for the person with the fabric in their house.

We only use water-based paints and it’s something I’m really working on. In India, we use water-based paints that have got various good credibilities. In the UK - and I’m doing a lot more printing here - we’ve managed to create our own non-toxic water-based amazing paints to print with and they have Soil Association stamps of approval. It feels like such an exciting thing.

I think it's also really important for people to understand that when buying our block-printed fabric they are investing in something that has been made with thought, care, passion, time and integrity. Investing in well-made pieces is a sustainable choice, compared to lots of the 'throw-away' or short-life items that are readily available today. We love our clients who are really interested in the process and the back story.'

For us as a company we ask, are we being thoughtful? Are we doing this the best way possible? Does this make sense? Are we checking our mileage, where this is coming from and travelling to? I hope that if we do things in the best and most thoughtful way possible, we will be as sustainable as possible. We want to sell things that have a long life as well. We want that armchair to be covered and still be there until it's tattered in shreds years and years later and I think that is sustainable in itself.

Q: Do you enjoy working from your garden studio? How do you keep home and work life separate, if at all?

No, I don’t see them as separate entities at all. What I am doing was just my hobby that I did at the kitchen table. It was part of my life to be creative and it is part of me as a human being on this planet. It is something I’ve always done, it comes very naturally and I wouldn’t ever want to make it this separate entity.

So yeah, I’ve got my studio in the garden which is where Molly Mahon all began and grew from. That’s where I do all my initial drawings, carve my blocks and do my first prints. I still print bespoke orders for Charleston and places like that. When we grew as a company we needed a separate place to store our growing products and rolls of fabric, so we have another space we can walk to through the woods. That’s where the girls who work for me are based and my husband is there all the time. That’s where we store our product and ship our dispatches from.

It’s all connected and my absolute dream would be to have it all housed in one place. If I could tick all the boxes, I would have an old farmhouse that I would be decorating in a Bloomsbury style and I’d have barns in there. We could be block-printing, we could be shipping out orders, we could have visitors come and see our fabrics. It would all happen from one place.

I’ve always seen my business as quite a rural entity and it has that homely vibe to it, so it's a shame our office and home aren't connected. However, it is still very much one thing, under one umbrella. Rollo and I are married, we have a family, and we have this business which is very much part of our children’s lives.

For me it just felt right to put this amazing excitement I was getting from block-printing into a book. I feel so proud! It’s a very simple, light book but I think it explains why I do what I do and why block-printing is so important.

Q: I was actually going to ask… has your enthusiasm for printing rubbed off on your children?

Oh... yes. Well, you'd have to ask them separately! Certainly in lockdown we all did a lot of printing together and they loved it.

Lani, my eldest daughter, will say ‘oh I could go and print on that old pair of jeans and give them a new life.’ So I love the way she thinks about it and finds her place. They’ve all got bedrooms highly decorated from top to bottom in Molly Mahon block prints! So it’s very much just part of their life and it will be really interesting to see later on whether they continue it or whether they actually want to go and live in white boxes.

Again, it’s just what mum and dad do. It’s all intertwined and they come into the office sometimes, we don't separate it out. My elder daughter walks past our office on her way to school so she comes in every day. Often we’re like ‘Oh great! We need some help getting those samples into envelopes’ and she just gets involved. They’re so young, they don’t even think about it. I often hear them saying to other people, if Granny rings for example, ‘oh mum’s printing at the moment,’ so it’s just part of their language and being.

Q: What was the motivation behind your book, House of Print?

Yeah, I had this real sort of urge to put it down on paper. Even though we’re heading in a very digital direction, I’m a paper person, I love books. I love reading other people’s experiences. It has certainly fed me; I never did GCSE or A-Level art, but I have learned so much from reading books and poring over old Indian prints. I’d much rather read a book, if I’m honest, than scroll through websites. Also, I have like 40,000 images of my trips to India that have inspired me so much. I just wanted to have this paper version of my story out there. I often feel with websites you have to pare it back quite a lot – you can’t say ‘oh but then there was this, and then there was this…’

For me it just felt right to put this amazing excitement I was getting from block-printing into a book. I feel so proud! It's a very simple, light book but I think it explains why I do what I do and why block-printing is so important. I just want people to understand the process and to answer those who ask, 'why on earth do you use all of those wooden blocks, it's such a slow process when you could just print super fast on a machine?' I wanted to share the wonder of this incredible craft and share it in an accessible way. I'm never happier than when I'm sitting amongst my books - they are my guilty pleasure - so I hope that goes for others too and they choose to add House of Print to their shelves.

We need these little nuggets of creativity to balance our lives. For people to pick up these wooden blocks, apply a bit of paint, choose a colour they love and make something – it’s so great! I just love it.

Q: 40,000 images of India! Will you ever run out of designs? Is that possible?

Never! Never. Not possible. I just have them going round in my head all the time. Now that I’m a serious commercial business, I can’t just endlessly produce designs, either, everything is a bit more considered. A fabric collection is done as a collection, you can’t just spew them out whenever you fancy. Everything is kind of organised and controlled, which is probably a good thing. I’m building my next collection in my head already. Oh my goodness, we will never run out of patterns.

Q: What are you looking forward to as restrictions ease?

Well, I’m out on the road again already. But I'm most looking forward to resurrecting my workshops. I love offering those, I LOVE the joy that people get from coming on them. I just did two at the garden museum. They were really simple, sweet and well-organised with distancing and things. It just gave me a taste of how creating as a community is so important. I also offer an online workshop through Create Academy that you can do from your home. This is much more intensive and something that you really need time to kind of dig into.

When people arrive at my workshops they always feel a little bit intrepid and a little bit nervous. So many people say, ‘oh I won't be very good at this,' but by the end they are proudly showing their work. This reminds me that what I'm doing is so correct - we need these little nuggets of creativity to balance our lives. For people to pick up these wooden blocks, apply a paint colour they love and make something is so great! I just love it. I hope they go away feeling as inspired as I do when I’ve taken the courses. Getting that schedule back and getting back on the road is the most exciting thing for me at the moment.

 

 

Visit Molly's website: mollymahon.com.

Molly's love letter to block printing, House of Print, is available for purchase in all major bookshops.

Read all of our Q&As over on L-Shaped.

The rococo style, defined by its sinuous curves and natural beauty, swept through Europe in the 18th Century. Sweden was then something of a remote northern outpost, but its craftsmen were not to be underestimated. The Swedish Rococo period saw a new royal couple take to the throne and the Swedes' elegant take on the style flourish.

Sweden’s artistic ‘golden age’ spanned three design periods, which naturally followed fashions in Europe’s cultural heartlands. The dramatic Baroque period (1650-1750) gave way to Rococo (1750-1775), which was followed by the refined Gustavian era (1775-1810). All of these styles were influenced by trends in France and England but came later to Sweden due to its location and comparatively small population.

Swedish Rococo cabinet The historical context

Several events sparked Sweden’s design prowess in the 18th Century. King Karl XII’s wars came to an end in 1718, ushering in a new period of peace and prosperity. Sweden’s upper and middle classes were eager to beautify their homes, and those with the money to do so indulged in lavish interior decoration. Secondly, the Swedish government announced a ban on imported furniture in 1731. In the early part of the 18th Century, Sweden relied heavily on imports from England and France. This measure intended to support native craftsmen and encourage domestic excellence, a move that certainly paid off. Lastly, the fall of the Caroleans brought new royals to the throne. King Adolf Frederik and Queen Lovisa Ulrika of Prussia were a fashionable young couple, influenced by the ideals of the French Enlightenment.

When rococo arrived in Sweden around 1750, the style had already been thriving in France for 20-30 years. The architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger was overseeing the build of The Royal Palace at Stockholm when he died in 1728, leaving the project incomplete. Luckily for Sweden’s cultural legacy, Tessin had chosen his successor wisely. He left the commission to his promising young student, Carl Hårleman. Hårleman demonstrated a mastery of architecture and became one of the most influential figures of the 1700s. Indeed, the grandest manifestations of the rococo style were in Sweden's great palaces.

Swedish Rococo in the royal palaces

Hårleman needed to complete and furnish The Royal Palace in Stockholm for the needs of King Adolf and Queen Lovisa. He largely followed Tessin’s designs, except in one crucial respect. Tessin’s plan revolved around the baroque style, but Hårleman – with a keen eye on fashions in France – adapted it to incorporate the new rococo trend. This was not necessarily a drastic change; we sometimes describe the rococo style as the final expression of baroque. Indeed, the late baroque period had already moved away from overly dark and imposing furniture. Softer designs, often with a painted finish, were increasingly popular. This transitional phase paved the way for rococo to take centre stage.

Queen Lovisa was far from a passive patron; she was one of Europe’s leading cultural monarchs and favoured the playful rococo style. Fortunately, The Royal Palace had many, many rooms to fill. French cabinet-makers came over to contribute designs and teach Swedish craftsmen their skills. One of Hårleman’s major contributions to Swedish cultural history was his insistence on educating others and subsequent generations in order to spread techniques and skills.

The Chinese pavilion in the grounds of the Royal Palace at Drottningholm.

The Chinese pavilion on the grounds of the Royal Palace at Drottningholm.

At Drottningholm, where the royal couple resided until their new palace was ready, designers refurbished parts of the palace in the rococo taste. A major, and often overlooked, element of Swedish Rococo design was the chinoiserie style. The Swedish East India Company was formed in 1731, sparking enthusiasm for all things oriental. The Chinese Pavilion at Drottningholm, designed for Queen Lovisa’s birthday, is a fantastical palace in itself that combines European Rococo with exotic eastern taste. Examples of classic Swedish Rococo furniture adorn the rooms at Drottningholm to this day.

Nature's ornament18th Century Swedish rococo bench

Rococo is certainly heavy with ornament and celebrates beauty for beauty's sake, but not without thought. The word rococo combines two French words: coquille (shell) and rocaille (stone). Nature’s innate beauty is certainly at the heart of this hedonistic style. Rococo reflects the natural world in both form and decoration. It has a gentle fluidity and embraces asymmetrical shapes and ornament. Any right-angles are softened with rounded corners to create welcoming designs.

We also recognise the rococo style for its decorative motifs. Popular iconography included shells - the style’s namesake - as well as dragons’ wings, vegetation and floral tendrils. Swedish Rococo mirrors demonstrate the many elements of this style beautifully. They feature elaborate gilded foliate frames and shell crestings. The master Swedish mirror-maker Johan Åkerblad spanned both the rococo and Gustavian styles during his career with great success. Surviving mirrors attributed to Åkerblad provoke great excitement today.

Swedish architects and designers naturally drew from French and English designs, but they also put their own stamp on the rococo style. Over in France, Louis XV's interpretation of rococo was at the frivolous and elaborate end of the spectrum. Meanwhile, the style propounded by leading architects such as Hårleman maintained the Swedish sense of refinement and conservatism.

The Swedish take on RococoSwedish rococo armchair

Swedish Rococo cabinets feature pronounced bonnet-tops and doors with gracefully shaped panels. Chairs and tables exhibit beautifully carved friezes and rest on cabriole legs. The Swedish Rococo chair is one of the most famous chair designs in history and the model is still very desirable today. These chairs have simple carved wood frames, and the most popular design has an open fiddle-shaped back with a single gently carved splat. Many examples of rococo chairs remain today in Sweden's great palaces and country houses.

Sweden’s painted furniture defines its legacy, and the Rococo period was no different. We are fond of Swedish antiques for their pastel colour palettes, yet the popularity of black-painted rococo furniture is less well-known. Craftsmen also adopted rich and exotic Chinese hues, so a diverse range of painted furniture survives from this period. There is always a difference between furniture produced in Stockholm, Sweden's capital and cultural centre, and country pieces. Stockholm rococo pieces might have more finesse, but country versions with those tell-tale rococo curves are charming in their own way.

The transition from rococo to Gustavian was similarly subtle to that of late baroque to rococo. Queen Lovisa's place in the royal household continued, as she served as Queen Mother to King Gustav. In addition, many prominent designers of the rococo era fused old and new fashions in their designs. It wasn’t until the end of the 18th Century that rococo's distinctive curves fully gave way to straight-lined neoclassicism.

Rococo for today's home

Swedish rococo antiques

Design in Sweden underwent exciting development and change throughout the 18th Century. The result is a plethora of stunning antiques, offering furniture and decorative pieces for every taste. Swedish Rococo furniture and furnishings are an excellent choice for today’s home. The graceful curves and fresh paint colours make rococo suitable for traditional and contemporary interiors alike. The soft femininity of the style is perfect for a bedroom or dressing room, whilst the flora and fauna themes lend themselves to a conservatory or orangery setting.

Browse our collection of Swedish Rococo antiques here and all of our rococo-style pieces here. View our lookbook 'Sinuous curves' for a little inspiration.

The Arts & Crafts movement touched every corner of the design world. From furniture to textiles to jewellery, designers adopted a holistic approach to manufacture. At the very heart of every surviving piece is the craftsman himself.

Another cog in the machine

Vintage engraving from 1860 of a jacquard weaving machine.

By the end of the 19th Century, the industrial revolution had utterly transformed Western society. Industries boomed as new technologies emerged, and handicrafts dwindled. Vast factories emerged to accommodate these changes, and productivity and efficiency were the new watchwords.

The industrial revolution brought many elements of our lives today into fruition. In lots of ways, this was a momentous step forwards. Society underwent a dramatic change and standards of living improved for many. However, it was not so for those on the frontline of machine-led production.

The underbelly of factory work was tedious, gruesome, and dangerous. Unskilled labour was in high demand because the process required scores of workers to perform repetitive tasks. Certainly, the skilled craftsman conceiving, designing, and producing a piece became mere nostalgia.

The counter-revolutionHeals armchairs, Gordon Russell bookcases, Arts & Crafts furniture

Fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart of man go together.

For some thinkers, critics, and designers, these developments were unsettling. John Ruskin was a vocal art critic in the second half of the 19th Century. He claimed a link between poor design standards and poor social health in England. Ruskin suggested a return to handicraft: 'fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart of man go together.' This idea that art serves a moral purpose would later become a fundamental principle of the Arts & Crafts movement.

Let's go back to 1851, the year of the highly anticipated Crystal Palace exhibition in London. This exhibition celebrated the finest corners of Victorian design and pieces from as far away as India. It was a majestic display of talent and wondrous furniture, but it also exposed the excesses of industrialisation. A nauseating range of revival styles was on display, and much of it was heavy-duty furniture that was rich with ornament. It was no coincidence, then, that the following years of the 1850s sowed the seeds for a different sort of revolution.

The pre-Raphaelite brotherhoodArts & Crafts furniture

Excitement about machine-led production side-lined the decorative arts, and discontent mounted. The antidote to this artificial excess was a return to medievalism. The gothic was a popular Victorian revival style, and reformers hailed 16th Century methods. In his 1851 text, The Stones of Venice, John Ruskin praises gothic architecture and saw its roughness as evidence of the craftsman’s personality and freedom.

Pugin was another gothic advocate, and he believed in the importance of a piece's construction. He was in favour of exposing joints and other methods in the manner of a Medieval carpenter. This school of thought found its voice in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, formed in 1848.

Among the group's members were Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris, and Ford Madox Brown. The Pre-Raphaelites opposed the High Renaissance, which they saw as frivolous and insincere. Instead, they sought moral seriousness and integrity, and this group was in many ways a precursor to the Arts & Crafts movement.

Madox Brown was one of the first to transfer the group’s shared ideals about design into furniture. He shared Pugin’s vision of flat surfaces and linear profiles that had more in common with Medieval carpentry than refined 18th Century cabinet-making.

Arts & Crafts establishedArts & Crafts copper lantern and Gordon Russell bookcases

Arts & Crafts societies sprung up to centralise this growing group of individuals. The biggest of these, the Arts & Crafts Exhibition Society, was formed in 1888. This society held regular shows up to and beyond its 50th anniversary in 1938. They gave the decorative arts a stage and spread the beauty of Arts & Crafts. In 1960, the society merged with the Cambridgeshire Guild of Craftsmen to form the Society of Designer Craftsmen which is still active today.

There was a strong sense of community amongst these different organisations. 'The best tastes are to be found in those manufacturers and fabrics wherein handicraft is entirely or partially the means of producing the ornament.' These words of Richard Redgrave, a prominent reformer at the London School of Design, describe their shared sentiment. Significantly, many of the early members of this movement were architects. This meant that they held a shared interest in the gesamtkunstwerk- the 'total work of art.' For example, Charles Voysey was foremost an architect and then a major contributor to Arts & Crafts furniture and textiles.

Exhibitions put Arts & Crafts on display for all to see and escalated the movement. Journals such as The Studio helped to spread the word internationally. America's own movement was well underway, but with a slightly different approach. Unlike UK reformers, US practitioners were indifferent to the machine. They saw it merely as another tool at the craftsman’s disposal and necessary for commercial success. Under Gustav Stickley the American 'mission style' emerged. The mission style used sturdy oak and promoted democratic values, but Stickley was more than happy to use machinery to produce the furniture.

William Morris

Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful.

Arts & Crafts candlestick and Gordon Russell bookcases

Although he was already a prolific designer, William Morris only became fully involved with Arts & Crafts later on. Nonetheless, his influence was monumental and he played a central role at the beginning of the Arts & Crafts heyday in the 1880s. His focus was on a return to small-scale workshops, whereby the craftsmen involved could oversee the design process from beginning to end. The Medieval Guilds inspired Morris and offered a model for the personalised craftsmanship that he craved.

As an upper-class man himself, the impact of the factory system on the working classes shocked Morris. He drew on Ruskin’s teachings and shared his nostalgia for a pre-industrial world. Morris loved nature, and flora and fauna are front and centre of the 50+ wallpaper designs he produced over his career. The designer realised that to live in his perfect home, he would have to design every aspect of it himself. His famous Red House embodies his trademark quote: ‘Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful.’

Arts & Crafts design principlesGordon Russell bookcases, antique copper jugs

Designers wanted to create furniture that was useful to ordinary people and free from fussy decoration. Nonetheless, this movement was about reviving the decorative arts and aesthetics were still important. But crucially, designers did away with the ‘artificial’ ornamentation that had been front and centre of the Great Exhibition.

The Arts & Crafts umbrella was wide-ranging, but the majority of designs are united by a few simple features. Tables, chairs, and cupboards would have rectilinear shape and rely on simple vertical forms. The construction was a return to basics and most joints exhibit mortise-and-tenon or dovetail joinery. Arts & Crafts practitioners were unconcerned with hiding hinges or other aspects of a piece's mechanism. The movement proved that practical and aesthetic elements could happily coexist in design.

Engraving of the Crystal Palace, which housed the Great Exhibition of 1851

19th Century engraving showing the interior of the Crystal Palace in London, UK, which housed the Great Exhibition of 1851.

Substance over style

Craftsmen preferred darker woods, such as stained oak. They would use the wood itself as an aesthetic factor, with the grain, flecks, and rays often on display. It was not always solid wood, and some craftsmen took a more decorative approach than others. Some pieces might exhibit veneers and intricate carvings, but these elements never sacrifice the piece's utilitarian value.

The ‘through tenon’ provided another decorative touch, whereby the tenon extends through the mortised piece and projects out of the other side. Craftsmanship itself is visible in the end product of an Arts & Crafts piece, in a way that had formerly been lost to the machine. ‘Truth to materials’ was the mantra, and the results had a sense of integrity.

Upholstery would involve leather or simple cloth, in order to keep the overall look as plain as possible. Hand-sanding and pigment-staining gave pieces of furniture the best possible finish. Hand-rubbing exposed the different layers in the wood and began a piece's journey to having a wonderful patina.

The Arts & Crafts legacyArts & Crafts furniture in a living room setting

In the cities, Arts & Crafts gathered momentum through exhibitions and print promotions. Soon, the philosophy turned into commercial success. Designers forged good working relationships with manufacturers who could sell their wares. William Morris set up Morris & Co in 1875. The major Oxford Street store stocked other designers too, and they also sold through Liberty and Heals. Suddenly, the Arts & Crafts movement was reaching a much wider audience and it moved into the mainstream. It was the dominant design force in Britain up until the 1910s, and its influence spread across Europe, America, and Japan.

At the turn of the 20th Century, Arts & Crafts migrated out of the city and into the countryside. Lots of the designers celebrated simple rural ideals and the rolling hills naturally held great allure. Workshops sprung up across Britain, and many designers settled in the Cotswolds. These workshops became their own schools of sorts and each had its own take on design.

Sturdy structure, compelling patina, and timeless aesthetic appeal. These are just some of the qualities offered by Arts & Crafts designers. From cupboards to metalwork, every piece has the social history of this movement behind it. We are privileged to have the Arts & Crafts legacy around us in the Cotswolds. Our dealers are always sourcing Arts & Crafts gems so that we have wonderful pieces in stock. Our collection includes big names and makers, from iconic Heal's pieces to Gordon Russell's fantastic works. Visit our lookbook, 'Truth to Materials,' to explore a sample.

The Regency was the pinnacle of British sophistication and a pivotal period in design. It was a time of fascinating architecture and elegant furniture, but the influences in this period were far from straightforward.

The Prince RegentRegency furniture - bookcase, armchair, table

At the heart of the Regency was the Prince Regent himself. In 1810, George III became seriously ill and was deemed mentally unfit to rule. The Regency Act was passed the following year, which allowed his son to rule on his behalf. Technically speaking, this period is the nine years that George IV was Regent. 1820, the Prince Regent became George IV and King in his own right.

But in reality, Regency style and design was more enduring and covered more or less the first 30 years of the 19th Century. Nonetheless, it is rightly seen as a reflection of the character of the Prince Regent. He reacted against the frugality of his upbringing under his father, George III, with extravagance. George IV was seen as a hedonistic and gluttonous young man, ridiculed by cartoonists at the time.

The concept of The Grand Tour and broadening one's horizons was long gone. Britain was suffering a trade blockade due to its war with France, so young men wined and dined in London’s most prestigious venues. The ‘dandy’ emerged, and these men modelled themselves on the styles of the Prince Regent.

Yet, even more so than food and women, George’s great passion in life was building, designing and collecting. The Prince Regent spent the first few years of his reign commissioning vast amounts of furniture. The interests of the Regent, as well as the wider context of the Napoleonic wars, help us to make sense of the paradoxes of Regency style.

The eccentric Royal Pavilion in Brighton, as well the Prince’s city residence Carlton House, were two iconic expressions of Regency style.

Empire styleRegency armchair, Regency table, Regency bookcase

Regency coincided with Empire style across the channel in France. Napoleon’s successful campaigns in Egypt meant that Egyptian motifs frequented French furniture. The Prince Regent wanted to match, if not surpass, the architecture and design of his rival.

Neoclassical design was very much in vogue already, but Regency designers followed classical precedent in a far more prescriptive sense. They did away with the fussy ornamentation of Adam style and stayed true to classic simplicity of form.

Exact copies of ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian pieces were made and classical motifs were incorporated into Regency furniture. Regency brings to mind heavy wood and this was certainly the heyday of mahogany and rosewood. There was a newfound appreciation for surface and beautiful patinas, particularly the bold figuring of exotic timbers.

Regency prioritised straight elegant lines and beautiful sabre or concave legs. The period did away with marquetry and intricate carving, preferring brass metalwork for ornamentation.

But no single set of characteristics can define Regency. In fact, it was a melting pot of foreign and home influences. It was refined British elegance juxtaposed against extravagance. Many styles were revived or imported. There is undoubtedly a strong oriental influence in Regency furniture. Chinoiserie and japanning were popular, Indian styles were copied and bamboo surged.

The Regency architectsRegency portrait, Regency vase, Regency chest of drawers

So, who were the main players in this design revolution?

The strong classical influence on the Regency period was fuelled by new publications about classical art and architecture. Thomas Hope published Household Furniture and Interior Decoration in 1807, which was full of classical designs inspired by his extensive travels. The ideas in this book would have a profound influence on Regency style.

Hope wasn't alone, though. The architect Henry Holland sent designers to Rome to make drawings of classical objects. These were published in the book, Etchings of Ancient Ornamental Architecture, in 1799-80. Thomas Sheraton’s Cabinet Dictionary of 1803 shows Grecian couches, which introduced the daybed into Regency Britain. Animal motifs and ‘sabre’ design legs were engraved in this book- features that would become the distinctive characteristics of Regency furniture.

It is impossible to mention Regency without the name John Nash. Nash was court architect to George IV and their visions were very much aligned. With his remodelling of the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, Nash realised the Prince Regent’s dream of a lavish palace in the oriental style. This extraordinary building is clearly influenced by Indian and Chinese styles. Nash was also the brains behind modern day Regent Street and the terraces of Regent’s Park.

Furniture manufacturers of the time were eager to embrace this new style. Renowned cabinet makers Gillows led the charge, incorporating Regency traits including lion paws and reeded carving into their finely crafted pieces.

The Regency legacy

Furniture from this period is highly sought after and has a lasting legacy. Regency chairs are particularly renowned, with their crested rails, low curved backs, brass inlay and sabre legs. By the end of the period, cotton or linen upholstery became the norm and chintz flourished. The Prince Regent loved dining in style and prioritised these spaces in his homes. Because of this opulent attitude to dining, you can discover wonderful sets of Regency dining chairs.

Furniture companies began making lots of tables made for specific purposes. For example, extendable tables, nests of tables, kidney tables, sofa tables and side tables were all produced throughout the period. Regency tables are often round and pedestal bases with tripod legs are common.

However, it wasn't all about furniture and mirrors were a significant feature of Regency style. Circular convex mirrors were particularly prominent in this age, copied from France and seen as a symbol of wealth. These mirrors were supposedly put in dining rooms so that butlers could keep an eye on the progression of guests through each course. Indeed, convex mirrors were so popular in Regency England that they are the only type of mirror to be listed in the mirror section of Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary. However, you also find beautiful overmantle mirrors from the Regency age.

Regency style has lasting attraction. It is full of unique features and yet still inherently classic. As a result, the architecture and design of this period is very influential and reflects socio-political movements.

The Lorfords collection Regency Worcester Porcelain vase on top of chest of drawers

Regency furniture is a delight to have in your home and new pieces are always coming through the doors here at Lorfords. Come and visit us in our hangars at Babdown Airfield and our Tetbury shop to see these pieces in all their glory.

Visit our lookbook, 'Regency flair,' to browse some of the Regency furniture we house.